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 RESISTANCE OF INSECTS TO CHEMICAL INSECTICIDES.

      When you detect a plague of insects in an area and apply an insecticide, rarely it is able to exterminate all the insects of a single application, some few manage to survive the treatment. This does not mean that these insects are different from those from their species, but they have a defense mechanism that them difference, is the resistance to this insecticide.

    The resistance has been described as the response attenuated of a population of animal or vegetable species, to a pesticide or to an enemy agent, as consequence of his application. This is about say, that there is no an alone class of insecticide, which it could eliminate to a plague when his use is continued.

All the insects have mechanisms of defense that create resistance.

     The insects have a natural mechanisms that trasfieren genetically to their offspring the ability to resist an insecticide or similar chemicals, always containing the same form action. This is called crossed resistance. But when a plague has several defense mechanisms, getting resist several types of pesticides at the same time from different classes or form of action is called multiple resistance.

    Since in middle of the fifties there was spreading the utilization of pesticides of different action together, the appearance of resistance has been detected. In 1966 I inform for the WHO that approximately 180 species of plagues were resisting one or more pesticides and only in two years the number had risen up to 228 and the increase continues. Nowadays one experiments with some species of mosquitos, applying insecticides in disuse after some years, for the above mentioned species. The results cannot be more discouraging, in only one or two treatments the mosquitos have created resistance. Of there there is detected that as soon as the insect, it has developed resistance to an insecticida especially, already there is no form of which it is effective against this species.

     For this reason, which is usually done when an insecticide does not produce the desired goal is to increase the dose and the time between applications, without observing the contraindications that are marked on the dosage. This consequently produces about damage to the environment and people, but also strengthens multidrug resistant insects. Not forgetting another consequence of money needlessly, the cost required to develop new and effective products. Also a decrease exists in the control of the plagues of insects in some seasons, up to finding insecticide appropriate.

Many respiratory diseases take place for the bad utilization of insecticides.

     It would be to carry out a control of plagues with several methods of extermination simultaneously, that were less harmful for means and simultaneously more effective with these plagues and of this way obtain a cost reduction.

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